pharmaceutical industry has been investigated. The focus has been on the 1960s when the institutional conditions for innovation …

(education and training) when designing and implementing innovation policies. With this approach, the paper aims at filling the … gap between the existing literature on competences on the one hand, and the real world of innovation policy-making on the … competence-building in the innovation process from a perspective of innovation systems; it examines how governments and public …

Institutions (including regulations) are constitutive elements of innovation systems, and therefore cornerstones of … innovation policy. Focusing on (soft and hard) regulation, the paper identifies the most salient regulatory areas from the … perspective of the innovation system. When asking about the effects of regulation on innovation, the paper argues that there are …

(especially R&D activities) in the innovation process from an innovation system perspective. It examines how governments and … using knowledge production in their innovation systems. It also examines the critical and most important issues at stake … from the point of view of innovation policy, looking in particular at the unresolved tensions and systemic unbalances …

This paper examines the linkages and interactive learning processes between foreign and local actors in an innovation … innovation system. …