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This study investigates the determinants of R&D expenditures in the Swedish pharmaceutical industry from the 1960s to the mid 1990s. Various proxies for the rate of return of R&D (e.g. expected profit, sales and R&D productivity) as well as the availability of internal funding (proxied by past...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005077278
Since the seminal work of Archibugi and Michie (1995) on the globalization of innovation, several authors have tried to … understand the complex relationship between innovation and internationalization, mainly using firm or sectoral level data …. However, most of them tend to focus on just one form of globalization of innovation – exploitation of technology, research …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008752881
This study investigates the determinants of R&D expenditures in the Swedish pharmaceutical industry from the 1960s to the mid 1990s. Various proxies for the rate of return of R&D (e.g. expected profit, sales and R&D productivity) as well as the availability of internal funding (proxied by past...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008764489
(education and training) when designing and implementing innovation policies. With this approach, the paper aims at filling the … gap between the existing literature on competences on the one hand, and the real world of innovation policy-making on the … competence-building in the innovation process from a perspective of innovation systems; it examines how governments and public …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010722776