Foreign-exchange operations did not end after the United States stopped its activist approach to intervention. Japan persisted in such operations, but avoided overt confl ict with its monetary policy. With the onset of the Great Recession, Switzerland has transacted in foreign exchange both for...

This paper describes the United States’ first line of defense against shortcomings in the Bretton Woods system, which threatened the system’s continuation as early as 1960. The exposition describes the Federal Reserve’s use of swap lines both to provide cover for central banks’ unwanted...

This paper will attempt to provide a comprehensive review and introduce the concept of international financial integration. In addition, it provides a review on the available indicators used as proxies for international financial integration in empirical studies. It also proposes a more detailed...

The rapid increase in international capital flows is one of the most significant developments in the global economy in recent decades. International portfolio diversification brings potential benefits to investors by offering investors the opportunity to insulate their portfolios from domestic...

This paper focuses on the dynamics of international financial integration for a set of 13 industrial countries including Australia over the period 1990 to 2003 by analysing data on the level and composition of foreign assets and liabilities. The objective of the study is to provide insights into...

There has been an increase in the degree of international financial integration over the last two decades. Countries are trying to remove the restrictions on cross-border capital movement, deregulate the domestic financial markets and offer competitive investment environment to encourage...

This exploratory issue paper begins with a statement by Joseph Stiglitz, Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences, which outlines what a well-functioning global financial system would achieve, followed by his dry statement that the current global financial system does none of these things. The paper...

The authors develop a two-country real business cycle model and examine its consistency with the behavior of relative prices, and the model's implications for economic aggregates at the sectoral level.

An examination of the role of foreign banks in the loan sales market, finding that the motives for loan sales and purchases differ between U.S. and foreign-owned banks and between foreign banks of different regions, which is consistent with foreign banks' using the market for diversification.