knowledge institutes in Finland and the Netherlands. Three questions – relevant for innovation policies - constitute the central … Innovation Surveys we find that foreign firms in the Netherlands are less likely to co-operate with domestic public knowledge … partners. This raises the issue whether Finnish innovation policies with a strong focus on R&D co-operation provide incentives …

on innovation output. Previous literature has stressed that investments into the heterogeneity of partners in an alliance … influence on a firms innovation output. Furthermore, maintaining diverse alliance portfolios has an inverted U-shaped influence … on a firm’s innovation output, as managerial costs and complexity levels become too high. …

. Using a recent French survey on research and innovation relations, we first show the heterogeneity of such relations thanks …