Note April 9, 2012: we found an error in the program calculating the commodity scores. We are holding the working paper temporarily and will be posting a corrected paper soon. The authors.We propose aggregation indices of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) to quantify their protectionism relative to...

Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) on pesticides and veterinary drugs in plant and animal products are established to promote food safety and animal and plant health. In practice, however, they are often accused of creating unnecessary trade barriers. The controversy is more prominent when a given...

Abstract: Maximum residue levels (MRLs) regulations in plant products can createunnecessary trade barriers on one hand and enhance demand via risk mitigation or qualityassurance on the other. We stipulate a generalized gravity equation model to disentanglethe effects of MRLs on the import demand...

We propose aggregation indices of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) to quantify their protectionism relative to international standards. We apply the indices to national Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) regulations affecting agricultural and food trade and using a science-based criteria embodied in Codex...

We analyze the effects of a domestic standard that reduces an externality associated with the consumption of the good targeted by the standard, using a model in which foreign and domestic producers compete in the domestic good market. Producers can reduce expected damage associated with the...