Manuscript Type: Empirical Research Question/Issue: This study seeks to test the outcome and substitution agency models of dividends at different stages of the corporate life-cycle. Research Findings/Insights: In a sample of 220 firms from 21 emerging market countries, I show that the outcome...

In this paper I examine the relationship between the strength of creditor rights, their enforcement, corporate governance and corporate dividend payout in a sample of 281 emerging market firms. I show that the outcome model of dividends, which states that corporate dividend payout increases in...