We use dynamic panel data regressions to investigate whether the strength of a country’s patent protection for pharmaceuticals is associated with more pharmaceutical patenting by its residents and corporations in the United States. Using the Pharmaceutical Intellectual Property Protection...

An instrumental variable econometric model is specified to investigate how changes in a country’s patent protection for pharmaceutical innovations are related to patent awards from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to the country’s applicants. We use a new measure of patent protection for...

This paper studies the impact of global factors on patterns of basic research across countries and time. We rely on the records of major scientific awards, and on data dealing with global economic and historical trends. Specifically, we investigate the degree to which scale or threshold effects...