the importance of technological variables - such as R&D, education and training, innovation, foreign ownership, licensing …

The traditional indicators on innovation rely on the linear assumption that research leads to development, centring on … the measurement of inputs and outputs. Based on the traditional innovation indicators, recent studies focused on the … industrial innovation process at Latin America state that nowadays Latin American firms display a passive role at world …

changing and with it challenges and opportunities to control the disease. Innovation in a variety of areas such as improved … to respond to the changing public health challenge. This paper reviews theoretical approaches to innovation of direct … relevance to the case and examines what theoretical framework is useful to look at the problem of innovation in public health in …

The aim of the paper is to assess heterogeneity of the innovation process. Using exploratory factor analysis on micro … data from the third Community Innovation Survey in 13 countries, we identify four factors that that can be interpreted as … research, user, external and production ingredients of innovation. All too often it is assumed that the differences between the …

Innovation is a multilevel phenomenon. Not only characteristics of firms but also environment within which firms … developing countries, we estimate a multilevel model of innovation that integrates explanatory factors at different levels of the …

presents some empirical evidence on the effects of innovation on employment growth and therefore on firms' productivity with … process innovation. The sources of employment growth during the period are split equally between the net contribution of … product innovation and the net contribution from sales growth of old products. However, the contribution of product innovation …

The impact of patent protection on biomedical innovation has been a controversial issue. Although a "medical anti … difficult to predict the impact of patenting on biomedical innovation in developing and least developed countries. This paper … develops a framework of analysis for the impact of patent rights on biomedical innovation in "technology follower" developing …

In this paper we examine the importance of financial and other obstacles to innovation in the Netherlands using … statistical information from the CIS 3.5 innovation survey. We report results on the effect of these obstacles on the firms …