The EU 2020 Climate and Energy Package, in force since June 2009, commits the European Union to reduce its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to at least 20% below their 1990 levels by 2020, pursuing the ambition to make Europe a low-carbon and energy-efficient economy over the next decade....

Energy is a critical factor not only to economic growth and to achieve a less dependent and more competitive economy but also to promote sustainable growth towards to a highly energyefficient, low-carbon economy. Energy-economic-environment interactions therefore play a crucial role in driving...