The fact that the literature tends to find biases in national fiscal projections has led to a growing claim in the academic and policy arenas for the need to introduce independent forecasts in the fiscal domain, prepared by independent agencies, like the European Commission (EC) in the case...

We analyze the determinants of the structure of public debt in the case of Spain, from a sub-national perspective. The endogenous shift in the composition of debt among short- vs long-term instruments, loans- vs securities, or residents vs non-residents, depends on observable measures of credit...