Nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are essential elements for living organisms, including plants, animals and bacteria. They are used as fertilisers in agriculture to guarantee high yields and quality products. However, the increasing demand not only in food...

In order to support businesses in improving their resource efficiency, Member States use a variety of approaches, ranging from voluntary to regulatory measures. This study assesses the scope of application of ten relevant measures and provides good practice cases of these ten measures across...

The Directive 2006/21/EC on the treatment of waste from the extractive industries, also called the mining waste Directive (MWD), requires Member States to report to the Commission on their national implementation in three-year intervals based on a questionnaire developed by the Commission in...

The objectives of the report were to provide information on how inspections are currently being undertaken for selected Member States in the policy areas of water, nature protection and CITES so as to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, combined with information from other...

This report describing the state of nature in the EU is based on reports from Member States under the Birds (2009/147/EC) and the Habitats (92/43/EEC) directives and on subsequent assessments at EU or EU biogeographical levels. This is the first time that the Member States' reports required by...

Local and regional authorities (LRAs) deal in many ways with the range of subjects under the Energy Union strategic framework such as electricity market design, energy efficiency, energy performance of buildings and renewable energy. LRAs are key actors in the conception and implementation of EU...

The overall aim of the study was to advise the Commission on the implications of the Paris climate agreement for EU climate policy action, and the impacts of potential changes involved. The assignment also advised on the potential implications for related EU policy areas. The study was...

This report is the deliverable of the study on the Local and Regional State of Play and Policy Recommendations Concerning Sustainable Heating and Cooling: Focusing on EU Level Policy, and presents the results of Parts 1 to 4 of this study. It contains the following chapters: - Chapter 2: An...

Wasser ist eine der wichtigsten natürlichen Ressourcen, die Gegenstand der Politik für Ressourceneffizienz der Europäischen Union sowie globaler Strategien sind. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Studie stehen die Forschung, Technologien und Optionen im Bereich der nachhaltigen Wassernutzung und der...