Patent citation data are used in a growing body of economics and business research on technological diffusion. Research … diffusing outward from the patenting entity. Until now, there exists little evidence on whether or not patent citations are a … good measure of knowledge flows. Our paper assesses the legitimacy of using European patent citations as a measure of …

issue, we build a model in which the value of an innovation depends both on the type of innovation implemented (product …, process) and on the existence of a patent protection or not. We obtain a three-equation model that links the values of product … and process innovations to the value of patent protection. This model and the feature of the data imply the estimation of …

The debate on the relationship between environmental regulation and competitiveness has been a topic of discussion for … regulation (under the condition that it is efficient) can lead to win-win situations, in which social welfare as well as the … private net benefits of firms operating under such regulation can be increased. This paper analyses the Porter hypothesis with …

possible for the profit of the incumbent to be greater under regulation which deters entry than under unregulated duopoly …. Counter-intuitively, we further discover that lobbying for regulation is to be expected where the incumbent firm is relatively …

incentives for the provision of the reserves needed to maintain system reliability, or whether some form of regulation is needed …

, this essentially represents a case of a public monopoly being turned over to the private sector, and regulation is …

West, some "natural monopoly" sectors will require continued regulation to protect consumers from monopoly abuses. This … paper focuses on three aspects of the design of regulatory policy in these countries: the appropriate sectors for regulation …