The brand equity is built around brand personality as one of the core dimensions. The psychographic variables like emotions associated with the brand image constitute the personality of a brand. Although the experiences of the consumers with the brand cultivate such personality, advertising...

Export Processing Zones are geographical enclaves that have legally been excepted from the country´s normal customs barriers and other constraining legislations. Malaysia has used them to foster its manufacturing industries, particularly the electronic sector. They are intended to attract...

This study analyses the static effects of the customs union between Turkey and the European Union (abbreviated as CUTEU) and its alternatives from the partial equlibrium view. The first section of this study outlines the main economic effects of a customs union as well as the main methods of...

Trade preferences towards developing countries do not seem to have been up to the expectations they created in the latter as a way to guarantee their access to markets in developed countries. In this article, I describe the main characteristics of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP),...

The welfare analyses of preferential trading arrangements have been characterized by generally inconclusive and messy results. In this paper, I attempt to give order to the analysis of one important case: a union between two small countries. The analysis has two key advantages over the existing...

This paper studies the differences in the uses and effects of U.S. antidumping law on imports and domestic output across the major regions exporting to the United States. Building on previous work (Staiger and Wolak, 1994), we extend our attempt to characterize the implications of the use of...

This study examines the effects of exchange rate variability on Uganda’s flowers exports during 1994-2001 by testing the central hypothesis that following the floating exchange rate regime, ‘Uganda’s exports of tropical flowers are negatively and significantly correlated with exchange rate...

Regional trade agreements are more likely to produce negative effects on nonmembers the larger and the more protected they are. Because MERCOSUR countries are efficient producers of the most protected products in the world –agricultural and agro-industrial products-, these countries suffer...

The Uruguay Round involved a grand North-South bargain: The North reduced import barriers, particularly in textiles and agriculture. The South adopted new domestic regulations in such areas as services and intellectual property—changes that would lead to increased purchases from the North. In...

Evaluation of portuguese economy, international trade of Portugal and others countries and by groups of products. Trade of Portugal whith Ibero - Americans countries.