Can Africa's current state of under-development be partially attributed to the large trade in slaves that occurred during the Atlantic, Saharan, Red Sea and Indian Ocean slave trades? To answer this question, I combine shipping data with historical records that report slave ethnicities and...

While many herald globalization—the increasing interconnectedness of national economies—to be associated with rising standards of living across the globe, many others fear its effects on sustainability. Anti- globalization forces and environmentalists in particular view these developments as...

Voting behavior and constituent attitudes are central to many models of trade policy determination. Examining the demographic and economic variables that are associated with attitudes toward various trade policies can provide some insight into the public perception of globalization, and the...

Previous empirical tests have found that, contrary to the conclusions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the factor composition of traded goods fails to reveal relative factor abundance rankings. Using a nonparametric approach, this paper discusses the refutability of two of the assumptions of the HO...

Economists measure the economy-wide cost of protection in terms of static efficiency, growth rates and firm- or industry-level productivity. The earlier literature was devoted almost exclusively to the measurement of static welfare effects. But the recent proliferation of cross-country...

Since World War II, international investment agreements experienced a rapid development. However, some differences exist greatly in different agreements in the following aspects: Definition of Investment, FDI Entry and Treatment, Nationalization and Expropriations, Investment Dispute Settlement,...

Evaluation of portuguese economy, international trade of Portugal and others countries and by groups of products. Trade of Portugal whith Ibero - Americans countries.