Prevailing trade theory is a neglected stepchild of economics. Micro rejects the sole reason for trade’s occurrence. It declares zero profit in equilibrium. Monetary theory and macroeconomics dismiss concerns of trade financing. They assert that money has nothing to do with traded output, but...

The belief that equality of demand and supply determines price and clears the market is universal. Shockingly, this belief is unfounded. It contradicts macro’s claim that equality of demand and supply determines output. It contradicts (new) monetary theory, which claims that equality of demand...

The current population in the World has grown beyond the Break-even level of the food supplies, water, clothing and shelter. Techno- commercial systems are also within the utility of developed nations, but beyond the infrastructure and mental orientation of the Developing and Under Developed...

This paper is dedicated to the contributions of Sir Richard Stone, Michael Bacharach, and Philip Israilevich. It starts out with a brief history of biproportional techniques and related matrix balancing algorithms. We then discuss the RAS algorithm developed by Sir Richard Stone and others. We...

Presented here is the mathematical model of business fluctuations, which can be observed in the Economy described by the Input-Output Model of Wassily Leontief. These fluctuations are obtained as a solution of the corresponding matrix differential equations, which interrelate commodities'...

Through the use of aggregate Social Accounting Matrices for Portugal, the flows of funds from three government subsectors to households will be studied, as well as the flows from the latter to the former. From the SAM modelling, both a static and a comparative static analysis will be made, in...

We study the technological pre-conditions for a cost-minimizing choice of technique in the presence of government emission targets on by- products of production. Whether a by-product is a desirable commodity or an undesirable pollutant is determined endogeneously as part of the price-quantity...

In spite of elaborate descriptive and correlational studies, the most ubiquitous phenomenon in economics, namely inflation, has remained unexplained in terms of its mathematical origins. Keynes had attempted to relate inflation to a mechanism of "sticky wages and prices". Hitherto, such theories...

An analytical innovation enhances microeconomics, enabling it to answer all questions of macroeconomics. It combines the production and consumption decisions of the individual in one model. For each individual, it identifies the customers of what he sells, and the suppliers of what he buys. It...

The investment acceleration principle is a heuristic for modeling investment time series out of consumption time series. The model presented herein develops a disaggregated accelerator equation whose coefficients are the weights of a Kohonen neural net that represents firms' decision-making....