Prevailing trade theory is a neglected stepchild of economics. Micro rejects the sole reason for trade’s occurrence. It … declares zero profit in equilibrium. Monetary theory and macroeconomics dismiss concerns of trade financing. They assert that … money has nothing to do with traded output, but everything to do with storing value. But now a new trade theory takes over …

Keynes (1936) said that shortage of money caused by hoarding or failure to invest led to unemployment, but Lucas (1972 …) said that money does not affect unemployment. The tables have now turned. Gani (2003) produced a model of indirect trade in … which money is necessary as a means of payment. Involuntary unemployment occurs under indirect exchange, just when the …

This paper studies the co-movements of unemployment and labor productivity growth for the U.S. economy. Measures of co …

-Prescott filter, that are derived using the Wiener-Kolmogorov signal extraction theory under maintained models that prove unrealistic …

) monetary theory, which claims that equality of demand and supply is necessary but not sufficient to clear the market. In … indirect trade, money also must be used. Micro says that price is equal to marginal cost, rejecting trade theory’s claim that … trade is gainful. To remove these and other contradictions, price theory must be repaired. Money’s role in market clearing …