important differences from continuous time. First, the probability of successful innovation cannot be homogeneous of degree one … consider both Bertrand competition and collusion among successful innovators. Surprisingly, the industry demand for R&D inputs … does not depend on the number of firms in the R&D sector if Bertrand competition ensues following ties. In contrast, demand …

This paper analyzes a mechanism through which product market competition affects allocation of the managerial efforts … reduction (productive effort) and rent protection (unproductive effort). An increase in competition, measured by the number of … identifies the conditions under which product market competition lowers the cost of providing incentives for productive effort …

, We show that, in presence of licensing, the incentive for innovation may also be stronger under decentralized unions …

data on 170 regions in Europe (NUTS 2 level) for the periods 1991-1995 and 2001-2005. Innovation outcomes are measured by … diffusion of innovation activity, and the spatial selectivity of immigrants' location choices, we take account of spatial …'s restaurants as a novel instrument for immigration. The results confirm that innovation is clearly a function of regio nal …

Portuguese strategic choices regarding innovation and R&D policy have, over the past two decades, produced various … firms' contribution to national and regional growth, their obstacles and impacts. For the purpose of this paper, innovation … the present performance of Portuguese firms located throughout the country and to explore those innovation determinants …

effectiveness and efficiency of national and European innovation policies. Building on the literature on the knowledge production …

This paper employs a new global panel data set on innovation related variables to examine patterns of R&D investment …

this controversy using a model of regional growth. The model also deals with the impact of local competition on innovation …The importance of knowledge spillovers for achieving innovation and economic growth is widely recognized. It is not … competition is important particularly for economic growth in industry sectors (manufacturing and construction), while diversity, a …