The success of the Chinese economic reforms has been linked by many observers to the implementation of a dual track liberalization mechanism. This approach, relying upon the continued enforcement of existing contracts and the simultaneous creation of a free market sector, represents a powerful...

This paper applies an endogenous lobby formation model to explain the extent of trade protection granted to Brazilian manufacturing industries during the 1988-1994 trade liberalization episode. Using a panel data set covering this period, we find that even in an environment in which a major...

Hostility towards minorities may sometimes have economic rather than racial motives. Labour market fears, or concerns about the welfare system, may manifest themselves in hostile remarks and actions against population groups that are considered to be competitors for these resources, as well as...