Since the late 1980s, multilateral and bilateral trade agreements have reduced tariff rates and worked to restrain the … arbitrary use of nontariff measures, including sanitary and phytosanitary regulations. U.S. imports of fruits and vegetables …-volume import pathways, and there is little evidence to suggest that phytosanitary regulations have a large effect on trade. …

imports, and commodity-specific factors such as perishability. Overall, as fuel prices rise, so do wholesale produce prices …

’s trade and production policy. The model developed here forecasts changes in the U.S. upland cotton farm price based on … changes in U.S. cotton supply, the U.S. stocks-to-use ratio (S/U), China’s net imports as a share of world consumption, the …

(intervention price cut, voluntary production quota buyout, and restrictions on nonquota sugar exports), while leaving other key …

aggregate supply, demand, and trade over 16 quarters. Model results show a potential for large trade-related losses for beef …

Developing countries, particularly those that depend heavily on a small number of agricultural exports, are vulnerable …) when tobacco exports are falling is almost three times greater than the increase in GDP when exports are rising. Model …-based simulations indicate that variability in tobacco exports leads to slower economic growth because GDP falls by a relatively large …

fundamental reform, recent policy changes have moved toward better targeting of food subsidies to low-income consumers … government costs with little impact on producers, consumers, or trade. Lower price supports would aid consumers at the cost of …

safety in food. Food expenditures grow faster than quantities purchased as income rises, suggesting that consumers with … income elasticity of demand for quantity of most foods is near zero. China’s food market is becoming segmented. The demand … for quality by high-income households has fueled recent growth in modern food retail and sales of premium-priced food and …