question: under what conditions is there complementarity or substitutability between different R&D strategies? The goal of this …&D acquisitions, turn out to be complementary innovation activities at higher levels of in-house R&D investments, whereas at lower …

external R&D and for economies of scope. We find complementarity between internal and external R&D, with a positive impact of …

Complementarity of money mean that two or more kinds of monies together fulfil the demand of the users better than they … would without the existence of the other(-s). In this paper we study complementarity between paper monies in Sweden. We …/or value? 4) Was there geographical variations in use and value? What we find is that the complementarity helped to solve the …