In Part One of this paper we use the harmonic analogy of a musical octave to analyze mathematic ratios of U.S. real GNP. These ratios are generated by bringing together figures for U.S. real GNP over intervals of time – “spreads of years” – as numerator and denominator in a single...

The aim of the present paper is to highlight the degree of European stock market integration. We structured our research on two sections obeying the following order: the first one presents some considerations of the academic literature studying the field and the second analyses the main...

There is a widespread view that reducing national debts and deficits, or “consolidating” them, causes austerity or would hinder the recovery. The reality is that reducing structural debts and deficits and “stimulus debts” is easily done without any significant deflationary effects. In...

The Long-Wave theories of Nikolai Kondratiev and others claim to find mathematic waves in economic and other social data which are at present in dispute. Currently the theory is considered outside the scope of mainstream economics under several rationales. Despite the lack of mainstream...

This unique book uses a transaction cost perspective to illustrate how hierarchies influenced the structure of markets and behaviour of individual businesses and cartels in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and present-day Russia

Innovation networks in industries and sectoral systems: an introduction / Franco Malerba and Nicholas S. Vonortas -- Innovation networks in industry / Nicholas S. Vonortas -- The dynamics of networks and the evolution of industries: a survey of the empirical literature / Lorenzo Zirulia --...