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A Dual Policy Paradox: Why Have Trade and Immigration Policies Always Differed in Labor-Scarce Economies?

Hatton, Timothy J.; Williamson, Jeffrey G. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2006

Today's labor-scarce economies have open trade and closed immigration policies, while a century ago they had just the opposite, open immigration and closed trade policies. Why the inverse policy correlation, and why has it persisted for almost two centuries? This paper seeks answers to this dual...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005703758

Drivers and Impacts in the Globalization of Corporate R&D: An Introduction Based on the European Experience

Moncada-Paternò-Castello, Pietro; Vivarelli, Marco; … - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2011

The globalization of R&D activities has continued its growth path as companies are increasingly trying to capture knowledge and market opportunities internationally. The rapid evolution of national economies and the ways to conduct knowledge-intensive businesses has led researchers and analysts...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008876571

Expert Leaders in a Fast-Moving Environment

Goodall, Amanda H.; Pogrebna, Ganna - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012

This paper is an attempt to understand the effects of leaders on organizational performance. We argue for an ‘expert leader’ model of leadership. We differentiate between four kinds of leaders according to their level of inherent knowledge and industry experience. After controlling for...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010661200

The Objective Measurement of World-Leading Research

Oswald, Andrew J. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2015

How should the productivity of research universities be measured? This task is difficult but important. The recent Research Excellence Framework in the UK, which was based on peer review, suggests that there has been a marked improvement in UK academic research in economics and in many other...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011167206

Beyond Additionality: Are Innovation Subsidies Counterproductive?

Catozzella, Alessandra; Vivarelli, Marco - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2011

two (input and output) dimensions of innovation into a unique efficiency perspective. To this aim, the impact of public … sample of firm-level data drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (CIS). A bivariate endogenous switching … the innovation subsidy; far from 'doing better' as a result of government intervention, supported firms appear to exhaust …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009644629

The Nexus between Labor Diversity and Firm's Innovation

Parrotta, Pierpaolo; Pozzoli, Dario; Pytlikova, Mariola - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012

In this paper we investigate the nexus between firm labor diversity and innovation using a linked employer … and demographic characteristics to valuable firm's innovation activity. The latter is measured by: (1) the firm … firm's innovation outcomes. …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010959616

The Effect of Credit Guarantees on R&D Investment of SMEs in Korea

Heshmati, Almas - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013

Korean government has invested significant amount of resources through credit guarantee funds to promote SMEs survival, performance and R&D investment. This study attempts to identify determinants of provision of credit guarantees and estimate their effects on firms R&D expenditures. The...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884264

The Interdependence of R&D Activity and Debt Financing of Young Firms

Fryges, Helmut; Kohn, Karsten; Ullrich, Katrin - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2011

We investigate the interdependence of debt financing and R&D activities of young firms. Using micro-level data of the KfW/ZEW Start-up Panel, our estimation results show that firm characteristics are more important than personal characteristics of the founders for explaining young firms'...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009403382

Welfare Analysis in a Schumpeterian Growth Model with Capital

Hagedorn, Marcus; Kaul, Ashok; Reinthaler, Volker - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2001

In this note we compare the laissez-faire steady-state solution in the Howitt and Aghion (1998) model to the social optimum. The analysis offers several new insights in comparison to the welfare analysis in Aghion and Howitt (1992). We find various new distortions between private and optimal...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005703487