This report summarizes 39 detailed ETLA case studies of global value chains (GVCs). The findings suggest that the value added in global value chains is less tied to their tangible aspects than what conventional wisdom suggests. Intangible aspects of GVCs tend to be more important, but their poor...

There are almost 200,000 enterprises operating in the Finnish service sector, combined. However, not all of the service industries are the same. Some services have become independent of geographical locations, meaning that they can be exported, much like physical products. Other services still...

We study how Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) measures gross fixed capital formation in foreign-owned companies. Our data include firm-level information on FDI inflows and real investment (Gross Fixed Capital Formation) by foreign-owned companies located in Finland. Our results suggest that the...

This thesis studies the impacts of technology development and R&D subsidies. The first essay examines whether public and private R&D funding are substitutes or complements. Particular attention is paid to capital market imperfections by examining what kind of effect financial constraint has on...

Microsoft’s acquisition of Nokia’s phone business has considerable implications for Nokia and potentially for Finland as a country, but little immediate effects on Microsoft and related industries. One might ask, couldn’t there have been better remedies for the challenges both Microsoft...

Technology and service platforms are becoming even more important to firms and countries as software built on these platforms is integrated into physical end-products and services across business environments. We find two especially significant topics to explore. First, there is a clear...

Tässä tutkimuksessa analysoidaan digitaalisten palvelujen arvoketjuja, arvonsyntymistä ja -jakautumista. Osassa näissä palveluissa vallitsevat huomattavat skaalatuotot. Tällöin yhden lisäkappaleen tuottaminen ei maksa käytännössä mitään, mikä on mahdotonta missään fyysisessä...

In this paper, we examine firm innovation and its link to firm growth. Instead of using the conventional conceptualization and operationalization of innovation in terms of the R&D budget, we use a more elaborate 12-dimensional conceptualization, which takes into account also the...