The paper analyses the trade-off between exchange rate flexibility and monetary policy autonomy. It tests empirically the 'Possible Duality' hypothesis, i.e. whether countries with more flexible currency regimes are indeed able to exert more monetary policy autonomy than those with less flexible...

This paper analyses the impact of the shift away from a US dollar focus of systemically important emerging market economies (EMEs) on configurations between the US dollar, the euro and the yen. Given the difficulty that fixed or managed US dollar exchange rate regimes remain pervasive and...

This paper estimates export and import price equations for 41 countries –including 28 emerging market economies. Further, it relates the estimated elasticities to structural factors and tests for statistical breaks in the relation between trade prices and exchange rates. Results indicate that...

This paper studies current account reversals in industrial countries across different exchange rate regimes. There are two major findings which have important implications for industrial economies with external imbalances: first, triggers of current account reversals differ between exchange rate...

The ECB Forum on Central Banking is an annual event organised by the European Central Bank which has been held in the beautiful surroundings of Sintra, Portugal, since 2014. It provides a unique opportunity for central bank governors, academics, high-level financial market representatives,...

This 23rd annual review of the international role of the euro presents an overview of developments in the use of the euro by non-euro area residents in 2023. This was a year that saw continuing geopolitical tensions, increases in policy interest rates and inflation declining from high levels in...

This 23rd annual review of the international role of the euro presents an overview of developments in the use of the euro by non-euro area residents in 2023. This was a year that saw continuing geopolitical tensions, increases in policy interest rates and inflation declining from high levels in...

This report reviews developments in the international role of the euro in 2014 and early 2015, tracking a comprehensive set of indicators that cover a number of different market segments. The first part of the review continues to provide high-quality and timely data, as well as an analysis of...

This is the 13th annual review of the international role of the euro published by the ECB. It presents the main findings of the continued monitoring and analysis conducted by the ECB and the Eurosystem as regards the development, determinants and implications of the use of the euro by non-euro...

This is the 12th annual review of the international role of the euro published by the ECB. It presents the main findings of the continued monitoring and analysis conducted by the ECB and the Eurosystem as regards the development, determinants and implications of the use of the euro by non-euro...