paid from merchants' banks to consumers' banks when card transactions take place, influence the choice between cash and … on the relative costs of producing cash and card payments and can be used by regulators to assess privately set …

Cash is the most frequently used form of payment by Europeans at the point of sale (POS). For this reason, an adequate … cash cycle infrastructure must be in place, with a sufficient distribution system allowing people and businesses to access … cash through the automated teller machine (ATM) network, bank branches and other cash access points. Europeans need their …

We measure consumers' use of cash by harmonizing payment diary surveys from seven countries. The seven diary surveys … United States). Our paper finds cross-country differences - for example, the level of cash usage differs across countries …. Cash has not disappeared as a payment instrument, especially for low-value transactions. We also find that the use of cash …