ECDC has been working with EU Candidate Countries since 2006 and with EU Potential Candidate Countries since 2009 to prepare them for participation in ECDC activities. Work with these countries has been mainly financed by a Contribution Agreement between the Directorate-General for Neighbourhood...

If the AIDS epidemic is to be brought to end by 2030, it is crucial to combat HIV-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings, as per United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 3 Target 3.3 [1] and the Paris Declaration [2]. The UNAIDS target related to stigma and...

Influenza is a disease of public health importance due to the substantial seasonal morbidity and mortality and the high pandemic potential of its aetiologic agents, influenza viruses. Diagnosis of influenza is mainly based on laboratory testing (i.e. molecular testing) of nasopharyngeal samples....

The ECDC Social Marketing guide provides public health programme managers and practitioners with a summary of social marketing concepts and approaches. The guide introduces key principles and action steps that can be applied when considering, implementing and/or evaluating social marketing...

This European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 'Let's talk about hesitancy' guide provides practical evidence-based and peer-reviewed advice for public health programme managers (PHPMs) and communicators involved with immunisation services. It identifies ways to enhance people's...

The ECDC guidance on integrated testing of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV supports countries in the global effort to combat viral hepatitis and eliminate HIV as public health threats by 2030. At present, reaching and testing those at risk of infection with HIV, HBV or HCV is still...

Compared with the general public, people in prison in the EU/EEA have a higher burden of communicable diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and tuberculosis (TB). Increased disease prevalence in this population is...

A higher prevalence of communicable diseases among people in prison compared with the general public is recognised as a public health issue as well as a major concern for the people affected, as the majority of incarcerated people return to their communities. Active case finding is a key...