The objective of this study is to provide a new evidence on time-varying equity market integration, employing alternative econometric specifications of the conditional covariance process. Differently from the current literature on the topic, we specify alternative econometric models for the...

This report provides empirical evidence on the relationship between financial development and economic growth in the European Union and the Euro area. Results indicate that the type of financing fund receiver matters in the financial depth-growth link.

Humans and the environment are continuously exposed to a multitude of substances via different routes of exposure. However, the risk assessment of chemicals for regulatory purposes does not generally take into account the "real life" exposure to multiple substances, but mainly relies on the...

This report presents a review of economic and managerial literature about mandatory and voluntary sustainability standards. The review addresses the study question: "Do mandatory standards or voluntary standards do better job in stimulating the transition to sustainable agri-food system?". A...

The construction of a composite indicator (CI) involves stages where choices have to be made: the structure of PMR in domains and sub-domains, the normalization of the original data, the weighting of indicators, domains and sub-domains, and the aggregation method. All these choices will affect...

The construction of a composite indicator (CI) involves stages where choices have to be made: the structure of PMR in domains and sub-domains, the normalization of the original data, the weighting of indicators, domains and sub-domains, and the aggregation method. All these choices will affect...

The reduction of regulatory restrictions is arguably the most strongly advocated policy for improving economic performance in EU countries, particularly in many service activities, where regulatory barriers to competition are still widespread. This technical report considers the direct and...

We compute three possible measures based on the sensitivity of domestic European stock (sovereign bond) markets to global, US or European shocks. The common rationale is to measure the extent to which domestic stock (bond) market volatility incorporates external shocks, following the idea that...