The report presents the concept of urban metabolism, the circular model and the role of compactness in urban resource efficiency. Cities requires natural resources and energy to sustain the daily life and activities of the urban population. Nevertheless, there are opportunities to minimise input...

The objective of these reports is to support policy development and decision-making. They are targeted at policy-makers, decision-makers and stakeholders involved in urban management at the local and city level as well as at the regional level. They analyse the following: - Why do...

This report is one of a series of three short reports, described below, based on an overview of recent literature and successful case studies focusing on resource efficiency issues in urban areas. The reports analyse the challenges faced by cities and some of the solutions developed to meet...

A renewed policy focus on sustainable consumption and production (SCP) can be observed, both at the global level and in Europe. With an aim to provide input for European policy-making, this report analyses the environmental effects of household consumption in Europe. We have identified four...

This is the third pan-European state of the environment report produced by the EEA. It was prepared for the 'Environment for Europe' Ministerial Conference being held under the auspices of the UN Economic Commission for Europe in Kiev, Ukraine on 21-23 May 2003. This assessment is the most...

Europe's environment : the third assessment, is the most comprehensive up-to-date overview currently available of the state of the environment on this continent. It covers for the first time the whole of the Russian federation and central Asia. The report also analyses how the main economic...