This report does three things. It provides an overview of market‑based instruments (MBIs) established by EU environmental legislation. Then it explains the established definitions and rationales for the application of environmental taxes and discusses their current design and application in...

This report does three things. It provides an overview of market‑based instruments (MBIs) established by EU environmental legislation. Then it explains the established definitions and rationales for the application of environmental taxes and discusses their current design and application in...

The European Environment Agency (EEA) publishes Signals annually, providing a snapshot of issues of interest to the environmental debate and the wider public. Signals 2017 focuses on energy. Our quality of life depends, among other things, on a reliable supply of energy at an affordable price....

The European Environment Agency (EEA) publishes Signals annually, providing a snapshot of issues of interest to the environmental debate and the wider public. Signals 2017 focuses on energy. Our quality of life depends, among other things, on a reliable supply of energy at an affordable price....

This 2014 edition of the annual European Environment Agency (EEA) 'Trends and projections' report provides an updated assessment of the progress of the European Union (EU) and European countries towards achieving their climate mitigation and energy targets. The report also supports and...

To accomplish its transition to a low-carbon society by 2050, the European Union (EU) has adopted a set of intermediate climate and energy targets for 2020 and 2030. The energy sector will face particular challenges in the context of this ambitious transformation process, given the scale of...