In May 2015 the European Commission (EC) published its 'Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe', outlining 16 legislative and non-legislative initiatives designed to create a single market in digital goods and services across the European Union. As part of this Strategy, the Commission drew...

We witness a new industrial revolution driven by digital data, computation and automation. Human activities, industrial processes and research, lead to a data collection and processing on an unprecedented scale, spurring new products and services as well as new business processes and scientific...

The extensive collection and further processing of personal information in the context of big data analytics has given rise to serious privacy concerns, especially relating to wide scale electronic surveillance, profiling, and disclosure of private data. In order to allow for all the benefits of...

Cyber security incidents are constantly increasing in frequency and magnitude, becoming more complex and unconstrained by borders. These incidents can cause major damage to the economy, and hence, cyber security is one of the biggest issues governments and businesses in the European Union (EU)...

User education is key in cyber security. Our work for this report follows up on previous efforts and suggested recommendations from 2014 and 2013. The first objective of this report is to identify gaps between available training courses, certifications and NIS education needs with particular...

European SMEs are increasingly dependent on their information systems and networks to provide services to customers and meet their business objectives. The use of new technologies brings new opportunities for enhanced business performance and operations, but also introduces several information...

Taking into account the increasing need for online data protection and the availability of numerous Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) for internet and mobile users, ENISA conducted, under its 2015 work programme, a study on online privacy tools, aiming at enhancing trust and assurance in...