This study explores the potential of frugal innovation for Europe. Frugal innovation relates to the process of reducing a solution to exactly those, often basic, functionalities that users will need, thus economising on resources and cost. While firms and entrepreneurs from emerging economies...

This study explores the potential of frugal innovation for Europe. Frugal innovation relates to the process of reducing a solution to exactly those, often basic, functionalities that users will need, thus economising on resources and cost. While firms and entrepreneurs from emerging economies...

This literature study explores the quickly expanding body of literature on the subject of frugal innovation with a view to common definitions, central prerequisites and possible avenues of future development. On that basis, it seeks to establish a better and more focused understanding of the...

In 2008, the European Commission published the communication: "Towards world-class clusters in the European Union: Implementing the broad-based innovation strategy". This document is a commonly accepted vision towards developing and promoting clusters in Europe. The document defines clusters as...

This country report has been developed as part of the 'European Monitor of Industrial Ecosystems' project of the European Commission, Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency. It provides data...

The 3rd survey on smart specialisation conducted by the Fraunhofer ISI among policy makers and officials involved in the design and implementation of smart specialisation strategies in 2017 confirmed the positive attitude towards this policy approach, which triggered the launch of some novel...

The objective of the international country reports is to explore the technology and policy landscape of selected non-European countries. Country performance in advanced technologies is presented based on patent, trade and investment data. The reports provide also a concise and informative review...