This chapter examines the relations between training, skills, credentials and the wage in France, Spain and the United Kingdom. It focuses on recent changes in the different systems of vocational training and certification and their connections with the occupational classifications and...

This paper aims at studying the modification of French and British labour market segmentation from years 1980's to 2000's. Based on a multiple correspondence analysis using national labour force surveys in 1982-83 and 2001, we bring to light the evolution from a ternary structure of these...

The hospital industry could be characterised on the one hand as under “industrial constraints” (just in time, 24 hours opening, and on the other hand as a service activity with, in departments, a high degree of patient oriented activities. Very similar pressure are exerted on hospitals in...