combine trade, aid and investment, which may create 'lock-in' effects. China's trade and investment focus on the commodities … contractual relationships that link exports from Sub-Saharan Africa to China and investment by Chinese firms in Sub-Saharan Africa …, especially in oil-exporting countries. Chinese investment, however, increasingly involves other sectors, such as the …

development, it is not sufficient. Both trade and foreign direct investment create innovation assymetries hindering lagging … including a dynamic human development trap, endogenous technological change, technology transfer and trade. Divergent and … convergent steady states, with and without a human development trap, exist under both autarchy and free trade. The model explains …

. In doing so, it considers the main channels of transmission, to focus on international trade, investment, finance and … potential. In future, these countries could also provide resources for investment and technologies for productivity. The …