than it was in 1989. Last, the rate of self-employment has been falling gently in ISSP data; even so three to four times as … satisfied than are employees, one consistent interpretation of the above is that the barriers to self-employment have grown in …

While much has been made of the value of employment relative to unemployment, much less is known about the value of …

regional unemployment rates. While employed men suffer from regional unemployment, unemployed men are significantly less … negatively affected. This is consistent with a social-norm effect of unemployment in Germany. We find no evidence of such an …

the appropriate distinction may not be between employment and unemployment, but rather between higher and lower levels of …The social norm of unemployment suggests that aggregate unemployment reduces the well-being of the employed, but has a … regional unemployment. However, the insecure employed and the poor-prospect unemployed are less negatively, or even positively …

Although it is now widely-accepted that unemployment is associated with sharply lower levels of individual well …-being, relatively little is known about how this effect depends on unemployment duration. Data from three large-scale European panels is … used to shed light on this issue; these data allow us to distinguish habituation to unemployment from sample selection. The …

less psychological harm from unemployment than do the non-religious; equally both Catholics and Protestants are less hurt … different economic and social systems: consistent with this, unemployment replacement rates across Europe are lower in more …

-hospital employment and local unemployment is stronger the more left-wing the local municipality. This latter result holds especially when … employment: this is consistently higher in public hospitals than in not-for-profit (NFP) or private hospitals, even controlling …, but without political influence on their hiring. Public-hospital employment is positively correlated with the local …