This article compares the relationship between patent quality and patent value in discrete and cumulative innovation. Using factor analysis and a set of various commonly used patent quality indicators including claims, citations and family size, we build a quality factor jointly driving all...

This paper analyzes empirically the value - as measured by patent citations - of a set of 1363 essential patents belonging to 9 different patent pools. We find that pooled patents receive more cites than control patents having the same characteristics but not included in a pool. This difference...

The development of formal ICT standards is a loose form of collaborative innovation: firms first develop rival technologies, some of which are then eventually selected in the standard. Against this background, firms often use informal consortia to define a clearer technology roadmap ahead of the...

This article investigates the interplay between formal standards, essential patents and informal industry alliances such as consortia and patent pools. Building upon more than 6.200 declarations of essential patents to major international Standard Development Organizations (SDO), we investigate...

In this paper, we shed light on the selection of the benefi ciaries from the French competitiveness cluster policy which was launched in 2005 and extended to 2012. We disentangle the selection and self-selection eff ects, as emphasized in the theoretical literature on regional and industrial...

Will employment instability be the employment pattern tomorrow? Many studies support this view which is first discussed on the basis of various statistical studies already carried out. A general trend of employment instability is not proved to be true by statistical data. These data show that...

Analyse de l'accaparation d'actifs (asset grabbing) lors des privatisations, sur les marchés financiers et dans le "shadow banking"par des oligarques comme émergence d'une économie où le "gagnant rafle tout" (winner take all) formant un secteur "cupidaliste". Son apparition dans l'économie...

In 1998 the Fifty-first World Health Assembly passed the "health-for-all policy for the twenty-first century". During this assembly the Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) reaffirmed their commitment to the principle that "the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of...

A government agency delegates to a provider (hospital, medical gatekeeper, school, social worker) the decision to supply a service or treatment to individual recipients. The agency does not perfectly know the distribution of individual treatment costs in the population. The single-crossing...

This paper intends to analyze some macroeconomic aspects in the framework of the Optimal Taxation Theory. First of all Optimal Taxation filiation will be considered in studying the three functions of the state described in Musgrave's work. The collective book published in 1994, and entitled...