competition on R&D to the cost of innovation. The effect of competition on R&D is an inverted U-shape. However, the shape is … flatter and competition policy is therefore less relevant for innovation when innovations are relatively costly. Intuitively …

competition game, which models the price competition between the MNO and the MVNO; and a subscription game, which models the … value, for the bargain; Nash equilibrium, for the competition; and Wardrop equilibrium, for the subscription. The paper … assesses which conditions lead to an equilibrium where the competition does take place, which are expressed as restrictions for …

and public signals. We show that competition leads the two firms to invest too early and analyze collusion schemes whereby … firm must transfer a large part of the surplus to the inactive firm in order to limit preemption. …

input. Otherwise, if two downstream firms are engaged in a preemption race, the upstream firm sells the input to the first … investor at a discount which is chosen in such a way that the race to preempt exactly offsets the vertical distortion, and this …

aStackelberg leader a Markov perfect preemption equilibrium obtains in which the leader invests earlier, and the follower later … no equalization, in a constrained preemption equilibrium. The first-mover advantage on the product market then results in …

culture dans la sélection et l'évolution des institutions efficaces illustre l'ambigüité de la relation entre race et culture. …