L'objectif de cet article est d'étudier l'impact du tarif forfaitaire de responsabilité (TFR) sur la part de la marge du grossiste attribuée au pharmacien et sur l'effort de substitution entre marque et générique. Nous considérons une situation dans laquelle le génériqueur vend...

In 2009, Sanofi-Aventis, whose generic subsidiary is Winthrop, merges with the generic firm, Zentiva. This paper fills the gap in the theoretical literature concerning mergers in pharmaceutical markets. To prevent generic firms from increasing their market share, some brand-name firms produce...

Does bundling trigger mergers in energy industries? We observe mergers between …rms belonging to various energy markets, for instance between gas and electricity providers. These mergers enable …rms to bundle. We consider two horizontally di¤erentiated markets. In this framework, we show that...

For several years, European financial markets have been the place of important mutations. These mutations have hit both stock markets themselves as well as the infrastructures including all necessary services for the transactions on financial securities. Among the market services to which the...

De nombreuses études analysent les phénomènes de fusion en prenant en compte les variables stratégiques des firmes telles que les prix ou les quantités de vente. Or, peu d'études font le lien entre les stratégies de promotion et les fusions. Pourtant, les dépenses mondiales de promotion...

This paper analyzes the literature concerning models of endogenous mergers. Traditional models of exogenous mergers analyze mergers as isolated phenomena. However, some empirical facts about M&A don't seem to be explained in this literature. Models of endogenous mergers take into account all...

In this paper, we shed light on the selection of the benefi ciaries from the French competitiveness cluster policy which was launched in 2005 and extended to 2012. We disentangle the selection and self-selection eff ects, as emphasized in the theoretical literature on regional and industrial...

Will employment instability be the employment pattern tomorrow? Many studies support this view which is first discussed on the basis of various statistical studies already carried out. A general trend of employment instability is not proved to be true by statistical data. These data show that...

Analyse de l'accaparation d'actifs (asset grabbing) lors des privatisations, sur les marchés financiers et dans le "shadow banking"par des oligarques comme émergence d'une économie où le "gagnant rafle tout" (winner take all) formant un secteur "cupidaliste". Son apparition dans l'économie...

In 1998 the Fifty-first World Health Assembly passed the "health-for-all policy for the twenty-first century". During this assembly the Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) reaffirmed their commitment to the principle that "the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of...