This paper examines the potential for success for trade-focused regional integration agreements in sub-Saharan Africa …. It finds that there is little reason to expect significant economic gains from formal trade agreements at this time. …

they move from relatively controlled and closed economies, to more open and liberalized economies with wider regional trade … arrangements, deepening trade cooperation, and expanding duty-free areas. The effects on trade and customs administration of these …

There are two principal theories of why countries trade: comparative advantage and increasing returns to scale. Yet … structure and trade. We use a framework that nests an increasing returns model of economic geography featuring "home market …" effects with that of Heckscher-Ohlin. We employ these trade models to account for the structure of OECD manufacturing …