We propose a distinction between active waste and passive waste as determinantsof the cost of public services. Active waste entails utility for the publicdecision maker (as in the case of bribery) whereas passive waste does not (asin the case of inefficiency due to red tape). To assess the...

This paper studies the distribution of the classical t-ratio with datagenerated from distributions with no finite moments and shows how classical testing isaspected by bimodality. A key condition in generating bimodality is independence of theobservations in the underlying data generating...

This paper studies the distribution of the classical t-ratio with data generatedfrom distributions with no nite moments and shows how classical testing is affectedby bimodality. A key condition in generating bimodality is independenceof the observations in the underlying data generating process...