Like most countries in the world, Vietnam is increasingly seeing its development affected by climate change. With a … coastline of 3,260 kilometers that includes major cities and production sites, Vietnam is highly exposed to sea-level rise …. Climate change impacts on the Vietnamese economy and national welfare are already significant-about 3.2 percent of gross …

defensive and offensive strategies. The Kiel Institute for the World Economy, together with DIW Berlin and Bruegel, has produced …