negatively. By contrast, skilled workers benefit from services offshoring in terms of higher real wages. Hence, offshoring has … contributed to a widening of the wage gap between skilled and less skilled workers. This result is obtained while controlling for …

attention to the question of whether workers on temporary contracts are affected differently than workers on permanent contracts … services inputs calculated from the World Input Output Database (WIOD). In manufacturing we find that temporary workers face a … significant reduction in wages as materials offshoring increases, while permanent workers’ wages are unaffected or even tend to …