efficiency; provides further insight into why Open Source Software is a successful model of innovation and development in digital …

flourish. Lack of diet diversity can lead to malnutrition. Certain animal diseases also can infect humans. Labor migration … (including agricultural labor migration) can contribute to high incidence of HIV infection. The effects of ill health on farm … ill health include loss of farming knowledge, reduction of land under cultivation, planting of less labor-intensive crops …

We revisit Western Europe’s record with labor-productivity convergence, and tentatively extrapolate its implications … reallocation of labor from agriculture to manufacturing and services, which have higher capital intensity and use resources more …

of labor-intensive agricultural technologies, to extend and strengthen school systems in rural areas, to promote … competition in off-farm labor markets, and to eliminate discrimination against women. The authors conclude that there is no …

individual's labor market productivity later in life. We consider intrauterine exposure to the month of Ramadan as a natural … administrative data from Denmark to investigate the impact of exposure to Ramadan in utero on labor market outcomes of adult Muslim … poor labor market outcomes later in life. Specifically, exposure to Ramadan in the 7th month of gestation results in a …

Large gaps in labor productivity between the traditional and modern parts of the economy are a fundamental reality of … developing societies. In this paper, we document these gaps and emphasize that labor flows from low-productivity activities to … pattern of structural change—with labor moving from low- to high-productivity sectors in Asia, but in the opposite direction …