predefined groups of workers, using the groups' relative wage bills as weights. In this article we suggest a method based on …

competences. We find substantial pay penalties for over-education for both sexes and for overskilling in the case of men only …. When both education and skill mismatch variables are included together in the model only overskilling reduces job …

Although theory predicts that international trade will decrease the relative demand for skilled workers in relatively … workers. We examines this puzzle by quantifying the relative importance of different supply and demand factors in explaining … the rapid increase in the returns to education experienced by China during the 1990s. Analyzing Chinese urban household …

period, we also examine the effect of the type of contract on earnings variance components, and we find that workers with … fixed-term contract have on average more instability than workers with permanent contract. This evidence suggests that the …

negatively. By contrast, skilled workers benefit from services offshoring in terms of higher real wages. Hence, offshoring has … contributed to a widening of the wage gap between skilled and less skilled workers. This result is obtained while controlling for …

with respect to the two types of heterogeneity affects the estimate of the return to education considerably. …

-sponsored classroom training diminishes rapidly for workers aged 45 years and older. Although the standard human capital investment model … classroom training are much lower for older workers. …