the performance measure and its similarity (congruity, congruence) to the benefit of the manager’s employer. A necessary …

We study the effect of recognition on performance with a field experiment involving first-year undergraduate students … that conformance to performance norm is the most likely behavioral mechanism behind our findings. …

games and underdogs to be less performing. They also show that the performance differential between players increases with …

This paper addresses a lack of evidence on the impact of performance pay in the public sector by evaluating a pilot … targets, measured with varying degrees of precision. We use data from the agency's performance management system and personnel … records plus matched labour market data. We focus on three main issues: whether performance pay matters for public service …

performance of the firm and the effort of workers in total. For workers who buy subsidized shares, an ESPP sets up a group … of workers' compensation depend on company performance. Using data from the UK establishments of a multinational firm … the plan, but are no more involved in co-monitoring the performance of fellow employees than non-Plan members. We also …