This paper investigates the driving forces behind informal sanctions in cooperation games and the extent to which … theories of fairness and reciprocity capture these forces. We find that cooperators’ punishment is almost exclusively targeted …

. Strong reciprocity means that people willingly repay gifts and punish the violation of cooperation and fairness norms even in … reciprocity only if it is viewed as maladaptive behavior whereas the evidence suggests that it is an adaptive trait. Thus, we …In recent years a large number of experimental studies have documented the existence of strong reciprocity among humans …

reciprocity toward employers: in this case own wage is a powerful determinant of own effort, but co-worker wages have no effect …. By contrast, we find that exposure to both pieces of social information systematically influences employees’ reciprocity … generously: in such circumstances the employee tends to expend low effort irrespective of her own wage. Reciprocity is more …

complex tasks. This requires an appropriate corporate culture, governed by reciprocity, fairness and commitment. Such a …

Cooperation among people who are not related to each other is sustained by the availability of punishment devices which …

This paper examines the interactive effect of distance and trade on international conflict and cooperation. The effect … conflict to a greater extent when dyads are geographically close, but has a greater effect on cooperation when countries are … more distant. Geographic proximity increases conflict and cooperation more among non-trading dyads. …