education). However, as our estimators allow for heterogeneity both across and within groups, we are able to contradict many …

. Adjusting the scores for racial/ethnic differences in education at the time the test is taken reduces their role in accounting … for the wage gaps. We also consider evidence on parental and child expectations about education and on stereotype …

school and significantly reduced the degree of heterogeneity in the Finnish primary and secondary education. We estimate the … the scores of students from families where parents had only basic education. …

This paper surveys the trends in gender gaps in education, their causes and potential policy implications. I show that … tertiary education students and graduates. Existing evidence suggests that this pattern is a result of a combination of … increasing returns to education and lower female effort costs of education. Widening gender gap in education combined with recent …

Theory and evidence point towards particularly positive effects of high-quality child care for disadvantaged children … between children from different socioeconomic backgrounds, European governments are pushing for universal child care. However … kindergarten at age 5–6. Our identifying variation comes from a reform that lowered school starting-age from 7 to 6 in Norway in …

influence on the private provision of primary education was limited by a national voucher system. The comparison of preschools …

these subsidies on children's longer run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of childcare in Norway, we are … this, we find significant positive effect of the subsidies on children's academic performance in junior high school …, suggesting the positive shock to disposable income provided by the subsidies may be helping to improve children's scholastic …