patents are female. Using the National Survey of College Graduates 2003, we find only 7% of the gap in patenting rates is … scarcely more likely to patent than women without. Differences among those without a science or engineering degree account for …

distorts occupational choice. We study this possibility in the context of a model with horizontal innovation, where the …

1999-2004 and measure innovation performance by the (value-adjusted) number of patent applications at the European Patent … firms as well as immobile workers on the innovation performance of their employer. Our main result is that mobile university … scientists contribute substantially more to innovation than R&D workers hired from other firms who, in turn, contribute slightly …

individual level, examining the relationship between religiosity and a broad set of pro- or anti-innovation attitudes in all five … waves of the World Values Survey (1980 to 2005). We thus relate eleven indicators of individual openness to innovation … innovation. …

The effect of collective bargaining on innovation has long been in dispute. At the level of theory, the hold-up problem … impact of collective bargaining on (several measures of) process innovation and product innovation. Our cross section and … longitudinal analysis fails to indicate that unionism retards innovation. Indeed, in conjunction with workplace representation …