are desperate, vulnerable, or demanding services particularly prone to corruption. The effect is strongest for bribery of … likely than non-victims to bribe public officials. Misfortune increases victims’ demand for public services, raising bribery … the police, where the increase in bribery comes principally through increased use of the police. For the judiciary the …

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy. …

correlates with perceptions of corruption. We find judicial independence to be of major relevance for a tamed bureaucracy. …

provides empirical estimates of how past experiences with corruption affects both how bribery is viewed and the actual act of …Previous empirical work on corruption has generally been cross-country in nature and focused on utilizing country …-level corruption ratings. By using micro-level data for over 20 European countries that directly measure individual characteristics …

A number of recent studies for Latin America show that as the size of the informal economy grows, corruption is less … corruption, inequality and shadow economies are considerably large. We use Panel Least Square and Fixed Effects Models for Asia … to find that both 'Corruption Perception Index' and 'ICRG' index are sensitive to a number of important macroeconomic …

The determinants of worker job satisfaction are estimated using a representative survey of three major cities in China …