Previous studies have documented a positive association between election fraud and the intensity of civil conflict. It …-election casualties, which is consistent with the hypothesis that election fraud causes conflict. We conduct several robustness tests and …

We introduce three variations of the Hirshleifer-Skaperdas conflict game to study experimentally the effects of post-conflict … altogether, often after substantial initial conflict. To attain peace, players must first engage in costly signaling by making …

examine the roles of ethnicity and religion in conflict and war. Based on one theory, the Ottoman conquests were driven by the … fronts, more conflicts were started by its rivals. Another not necessarily mutually exclusive theory claims that the Imperial …

rivals of a different affiliation. The overall patterns of conflict in continental Europe as well as those between the …

. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …

This paper examines how Nepal’s 1996-2006 civil conflict affected women’s decisions to engage in employment. Using … women’s likelihood of employment increased as a consequence of the conflict. …

fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements. …

, and across time, how individuals, households and communities are affected by violent conflict. The report provides an … data-bases used to operationalize the variables of interest and discuss the channels linking violent conflict to individual … variables that allow researchers to analyze the welfare effects of violent conflict across countries and across time. We develop …

ultimate determinants of conflict. However, fractionalization in all its demographic forms is endogenous in the long run. In … the relationship between fractionalization and the propensity of internal conflict statistically insignificant. Finally …