An updated Protocol on emissions of nitrogen oxides, under the UN/ECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, is now at a preparatory stage. An effect-based approach is to be applied to the environmental problems to which nitrogen oxides contribute, either singly or in combination...

The problem of reducing SO2 emissions in Europe is considered. The costs of reduction are assumed to be uncertain and are modeled by a set of possible scenarios. A mean-variance model of the problem is formulated and a specialized computational procedure is developed. The approach is applied to...